ABSTRACT
Serum IgG, IgM, IgA, IgG subclasses (IgG1, G2, G3, G4), isohemagglutinins and complement-3 concentrations were measured in 23 beta-thalassemic patients suffering from recurrent infections. No significant abnormalities were found in these humoral immunity investigations, both in splenectomized and non-splenectomized patients. On the other hand, iron overload or repeated blood transfusions were not found to down-regulate the humoral immune system of thalassemic patients.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Complement C3/metabolism , Female , Hemagglutinins/blood , Humans , Immune Tolerance/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulins/blood , Male , Splenectomy , beta-Thalassemia/diagnosisABSTRACT
The study was undertaken to evaluate immunotoxic effects of cypermethrin administered orally (in ground nut oil) to male albino rats at dose levels (mg/kg) of 0 (control), 5, 10, 20 and 40 once daily for 90 days. Cypermethrin administration produced a significant leucopenia at 40 mg/kg on day 90. A dose dependent decrease (P greater than 0.05) in delayed type hypersensitivity reaction was noticed on day 61 post treatment. Humoral response as evidenced by serum haemagglutinin and haemolysin titres did not show any definite pattern on day 90. However, a significant decrease in spleen weights and significant increase in adrenal weights was recorded in rats receiving the highest test level. Total body weights and liver weights did not show any significant change with any of the dose level studied. Results of the study reveal that low doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) did not have any adverse effect on the immuno-competence of rats.
Subject(s)
Administration, Oral , Adrenal Glands/drug effects , Animals , Antibody Formation/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hemagglutinins/blood , Hemolysin Proteins/blood , Hypersensitivity, Delayed , Immunity, Cellular/drug effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/toxicity , Insecticides/administration & dosage , Leukopenia/chemically induced , Male , Organ Size/drug effects , Pyrethrins/administration & dosage , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Spleen/drug effectsABSTRACT
Hemagglutinating activity can be identified in the plasma of different species of murrel fish. This activity may be divided into four types according to their agglutinability towards erythrocytes from different sources. Type I plasma agglutinates human blood group A erythrocytes, type II can agglutinate neuraminidase treated human A B O erythrocytes, type III shows no agglutinating activity towards human erythrocytes, while type IV agglutinates human erythrocytes non-specifically. All of them bind to DEAE-cellulose but elute out by different salt concentrations. Type IV plasma is found to be a combination of three separate hemagglutinins, which are separable by sequential binding to human A B O erythrocytes. Blood group A specific lectin activity is purified from this plasma using formalinised A group erythrocytes. The apparent homogeneity of this purified lectin is established by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and immunodiffusion. This agglutinin is antigenically identical with that isolated from type I plasma by affinity chromatography on N-acetyl-D-galactosamine coupled to epoxy-activated cellulose column. Their molecular weights are also found to be identical (Mr 140,000) in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, having two identical subunits. Forssman glycolipid (0.03 mM) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of agglutination, although Gal beta 1-3 GalNAc (0.09 mM) is also a good inhibitor. Exhaustive dialysis of the purified lectin (hemagglutinin) against EDTA denatures it irreversibly by dissociating it to its subunit structure. Thus human A group agglutinating activity isolated from type I and type IV plasma are identical.